What is the Loan Application Process?

作为一名信贷员，我每天帮助回答的一个问题是，“我是农业信贷的新手. What do I need to do to apply for a loan?”

一个看起来相当简单的问题可以用许多不同的方式来解释，并且有不止一个答案. 最重要的是要记住，没有两个贷款请求是完全相同的. 贷款人有责任提供必要的支持和指导，使贷款过程尽可能无缝衔接.

Most initial loan requests fall into two categories:

1. The applicant knows what they want to purchase (i.e.，一块特定的房地产，#头肉牛，新拖拉机等.). 该借款人已经拥有该资产的估计购买价格，并准备提出申请并开始正式的贷款流程.

2. The applicant is considering buying something (in the very early stages). This could be a variety of things. For example, purchasing real estate, a new piece of equipment, breeding livestock, or even a construction request. 他们不确定购买价格，可能还不知道自己在寻找什么. 他们所知道的是，他们想买东西，可能需要贷款来帮助他们. These types of requests fall into our “Pre-Qualification”

The Conversation with Your Lender

Even though these two requests are very different, 他们很可能都是以同样的方式开始的——谈话. This is the initial step in the loan process. During that conversation, 贷款人会问询问的个人许多问题，以确定他们购买的是什么, their plans, and if there is a loan product that fits their need.

Documents Gathered and Reviewed

If/when the applicant is ready to move forward, 贷款人首先需要的是一份完整的申请表和所有申请人身份证的复印件. 其他可能要求的项目包括各种财务文件，包括但不限于:

• Personal Tax returns (typically three years)
• Business Tax Returns, if applicable (typically three years)
• Most recent W-2 or 1099 for all applicants
• Personal Balance Sheet
• 资产核查-所有银行账户最近的对账单, investment accounts, retirement accounts, etc.
• Most recent pay stub for all applicants
• Signed contract or bill of sale

**视乎要求的性质及复杂程度，可要求提供额外项目. 贷款人将与您沟通，以确定这些可能是什么.**

对于贷款人和申请人来说，这是一个很好的时间来安排一个约会，仔细检查所需的具体项目和任何必须填写的表格. A Credit Application, in particular, is a document that can initially be overwhelming, especially for a first-time borrower. 贷款人将能够指导申请人完成表格的各个部分, including the balance sheet, 并澄清与申请或其他文件有关的任何问题.

贷款申请提交处理和信用审查

Once an application has been completed, IDs and the requested financial items are received, the official loan process will begin. 贷款人将向处理中心提交贷款请求. 处理程序将提取申请人的信用评分，并将该报告传达给信贷员. The application is then further reviewed for analysis. This process may be completed by the lender, 或者可以将请求发送给信用保险商进行审核. At this point in time, 信贷员将与申请人和指定的承销商保持持续的沟通. 各方将共同努力，确保收到适当的文件，并对有关请求的任何问题提供答案. From there, a decision will be provided. If approval is granted, 接下来的步骤和需要做些什么来处理这个请求将会被讨论. If the request is denied, 贷款人将解释他们是如何做出这个决定的，并提供指导和帮助回答任何问题或担忧.

Pre-Qualification Requests

For requests that fall into the pre-qualification category, a similar evaluation process is completed. 贷款人将审查您的贷款申请，并确定是否可以授予资格预审，或者是否需要拒绝该请求. If the pre-qualification is provided, 贷款主任会继续跟进借款人，以确定他们是否/何时准备进行正式贷款申请. At that point in time, 在正式批准之前，您的贷款人将能够与您讨论需要哪些信息以及需要哪些信息.

Loan Approval – Getting Closer!

If the loan is approved, the applicant and lender will discuss the loan terms, rates, fees, 以及正式批准贷款所需的任何必要条件. From there, the request will move on to loan processing. 指定的贷款处理人员将准备所有必要的贷款文件, 确保所有的贷款条件和条款都包含在文件中. 根据贷款的用途，将决定在贷款结算和融资之前需要完成哪些进一步的步骤. For example, if the request is for the purchase of real estate, 信贷员将下令对将用作该请求抵押品的财产进行评估. 此外，信贷员需要确保房产没有留置权. 他们将与律师或产权公司协调，并要求他们完成对财产的标准产权搜索, 确认财产是“自由和清楚”的所有留置权和负担. 在此期间，贷方将继续是主要的联络点. 他们会让申请人知道哪些项目可能悬而未决，以及他们在贷款流程中的位置.

Loan Closing – You’re There!

当所有贷款条件和批准条款都得到满足时，将设定结算日期. 在这个时间点，申请人将签署贷款文件，贷款将得到资助. The loan process is complete!

Download the Loan Application Process infographic.

Author

Elsa Southard

Loan Officer, Farm Credit of the Virginias